2. Administrative Thinking Evolution

Quoted from Koontz, we have the following table on the evolution of Administrative thinking:

1. Scientific Administration

Frederick W. Taylor (1903): Known as "the father of scientific Administration". His main objective was to increase productivity through greater production efficiency and higher remuneration for workers, with the application of the scientific method. Some of his writings: "Shop Management" (1903). "Principles of Scientific Management" (1911). "Testimony before the Special House Committee" (1912).

Henry L. Gantt (1901): He proposed the scientific selection of workers and a "harmonious cooperation" between them and the Administration. He insisted on the need for training.

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth (1900): Frank is known primarily for his time and motion studies. Lillian, an industrial psychologist, focused her attention on the human aspects of work and understanding the personalities and needs of workers.

2. Modern Theory of Operational Management

Henri Fayol, "Administration Industrielle et Générale" (1916): Known as "the father of modern Administration theory". He divided industrial activities into six groups: technical, commercial, financial, security, accounting, and managerial. He recognized the need to teach Administration. He formulated fourteen principles of Administration such as authority and responsibility, unity of command, the ladder chain and team spirit, among others.

3. Behavioral sciences

Hugo Münsterberg (1912): Application of psychology to industry and Administration.

Walter Dill Scott (1911): Application of psychology to advertising, marketing and personnel.

Max Weber (translations 1946, 1947): Theory of bureaucracy.

Vifredo Pareto (books 1896-1917): Known as "the father of the social systems approach" of Organization and Administration.

Elton Mayo and F.J. Roethlisberger (1933): Famous Studies at the Hawthorne Plant of Western Electric Co. Influence of social attitudes and work group relationships on performance.

4. Systems theory

Chester Barnard, "The Functions of the Executive" (1938): The task of managers is to maintain a system of cooperative effort in a formal organization. He recommended a broad social systems approach to Administration.

5. Modern Administrative thought and recent Administration theorists

Peter F. Drucker (1974): Very prolific writer on many general management topics.

W. Edwards Deming (after second world war): Introduced quality control in Japan.

Laurence Peter (1974): He observed that over time people rise to a level of incompetence.

William Ouchi (1981): Studied selected japanese Administrative practices adapted to the american environment.

Thomas Peters and Robert Waterman (1982): They identified characteristics of companies considered excellent.

In addition, other authors such as: Chris Argyris, Robert R. Blake, C. West Churchman, Ernest Dale, Keith Davis, Mary Parker Follett, Frederick Herzberg, G.C. Homans, Harold Koontz, Rensis Likert, Douglas McGregor, Abraham H. Maslow, Lyman W. Porter, Herbert Simon, George A. Steiner, Lyndall Urwick, Norbert Winer, and Joan Woodward.

Finally, Stoner mentions other schools such as: School of Management Science, Contingency Approach, and Dynamic Engagement Approach.

2021, October